SharpkopHuman reproduction
41 marks in our Paper 1 questions. 22 questions from 2024.
This topic covers the male and female reproductive systems, the menstrual cycle, gamete formation and what happens in pregnancy. The 22 questions here are worth 41 marks in the November 2024 Paper 1 set. Of the 41 marks, 27 are for recalling facts and terms, 6 for reading data from diagrams, tables and graphs, 6 for explaining, 1 for method and working and 1 for the correct final answer. Labelled diagrams and tables of hormone levels feature often.
The 2024 Diagnostic Report says candidates explained the high level of progesterone in pregnancy by what the hormone does, not by the corpus luteum staying active and the placenta adding progesterone. Percentage increase was calculated wrongly, a weakness the previous year’s report had also flagged. Many gave only the letter or only the name of a labelled part, and mixed up the epididymis and the vas deferens. Oogenesis answers lacked key words such as diploid cells dividing by mitosis and one of the four cells becoming the haploid ovum.
Where marks are lost: in our words, from Department of Basic Education, NSC 2024 Diagnostic Report, Part 1 (Book 1).
Questions
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Which ONE of the following is a stage in the early development of a human embryo, from fertilisation to implantation?
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.1.2A pregnant woman learns about the fluid that surrounds her baby in the uterus. The list below shows functions that may be linked to the fluid inside the amnion (amniotic fluid):
(i) Cushioning the foetus against knocks
(ii) Keeping the temperature around the foetus steady
(iii) Giving the foetus room to move
(iv) Supplying the foetus with food and oxygen
Which combination of functions is carried out by the amniotic fluid?
A (i), (ii) and (iii) only
B (ii) and (iv) only
C (i) and (iv) only
D (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Write only the letter of the correct answer.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.1.8Write down the correct biological term for the following description: the hormone-secreting organ that forms in the uterus wall during pregnancy and allows the exchange of substances between the blood of the mother and the blood of the developing baby.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.2.1Name the structure at the tip of a sperm cell’s head that holds the enzymes used to break down the outer layers of an egg cell.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.2.8Read each description below and decide which of the structures in the list it fits: the first one only, the second one only, both, or neither. Type your choice as: first only, second only, both, or neither.
Description: It supplies the developing baby with oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood.
First structure: Umbilical cord
Second structure: Vagina
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.3.1Look at the diagram below of the front view of the human male reproductive system. Give the LETTER and the NAME of the structure that carries both urine and semen out of the body.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.4.1(a)The diagram below shows the front view of the human male reproductive system, with parts labelled A to F. Give the LETTER and the NAME of the structure where sperm cells are held for a short time while they mature.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.4.1(b)Look at the diagram below of the front view of the human male reproductive system. Write down the LETTER and the NAME of the structure that produces the male sex hormone responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.4.1(c)The diagram below shows the male reproductive organs seen from the front, together with the bladder. The structure labelled A lies just below the bladder and surrounds the top of the urethra. Name structure A.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.4.2(a)The diagram below shows the front view of the human male reproductive system, with the testis labelled E. Name the type of gametogenesis that takes place in the structure labelled E.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.4.2(b)The diagram below shows part of the female reproductive system, with structures labelled P, Q and R. Name the structure labelled P.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.1.1(a)The diagram below shows part of a woman’s reproductive system. The structure labelled R is the organ in which egg cells mature and from which an egg is released each month. Identify structure R.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.1.1(b)After fertilisation, the embryo must attach to the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium, before it can develop further. State TWO features of the endometrium that make it suitable for the embryo to implant in it.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.1.2(a)The diagram below shows a part of the reproductive system of a different woman, drawn at one point in her menstrual cycle. Using only what you can see in the diagram, give TWO observations that show she has a greater chance of fertilisation occurring at this stage.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.1.2(b)The diagram below shows part of the female reproductive system. Structure C is the cell released from the ovary and drawn next to the funnel-shaped opening of the oviduct. Name the process by which structure C is produced in the ovary, and describe how this process takes place.
(6)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.1.3A tubal pregnancy is a type of ectopic pregnancy. The fertilised egg implants inside the fallopian tube instead of in the uterus. In most cases the embryo stops developing and dies, and the mother may be in danger.
Explain why an embryo that implants in the fallopian tube is unlikely to survive.
(3)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.1.4Using the table, state the day on which the level of progesterone was at its highest.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.2.1Name the hormone from the pituitary gland whose level starts to rise towards the end of the cycle, from day 24, in the table above, so that a new follicle can begin to develop.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.2.2In the previous part, you were asked what happens to the uterine lining at the end of the cycle (days 24 to 28). Using figures from the table, give a reason for that outcome by linking the hormone trend to the events in the pituitary gland.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.2.3Use the table to calculate the percentage increase in the progesterone level from day 16 to day 20 of the cycle. Show ALL your working.
(3)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.2.4Describe how the progesterone level after day 24 would be different if this female had become pregnant during this cycle.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.2.5Explain what causes the progesterone level to stay high instead of falling, in a woman whose egg has been fertilised and has implanted in the uterus.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q2.2.6Updated