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Endocrine system and homeostasis

34 marks in our Paper 1 questions. 17 questions from 2024.

Practise this topic, marked

This topic covers the endocrine system, blood glucose and insulin, calcium and thyroxin control, and how the body keeps levels steady through negative feedback. The 17 questions here are worth 34 marks in the November 2024 Paper 1 set. Of the 34 marks, 28 are for recalling facts and terms, 4 for reading data from diagrams, tables and graphs and 2 for explaining. Explanations here need a short chain of cause and effect.

The 2024 Diagnostic Report says candidates explained what FSH does when the question asked why its level rises, which is that falling progesterone stops inhibiting the pituitary gland. Others described how the pancreas makes insulin instead of how insulin lowers blood glucose, through uptake and storage by cells, the liver and the muscles. Candidates also wrote homeostasis where negative feedback was asked for, and misread the flow of hormones between two glands on a diagram. Answer the exact question set.

Where marks are lost: in our words, from Department of Basic Education, NSC 2024 Diagnostic Report, Part 1 (Book 1).

Questions

These questions are not yet checked by a teacher.

Which hormone controls the amount of water in the blood by changing how much water the kidneys reabsorb? Choose the correct letter.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.1.1
A learner runs hard on the sports field and the carbon dioxide level in her blood rises above normal. Which ONE of the following describes what happens in her body? Write only the letter.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.1.3
A learner runs for a bus after getting a sudden fright and the adrenal glands release adrenalin. Which ONE of the following changes takes place in the body because of adrenalin? A Less blood flows to the skeletal muscles B Blood flow to the skeletal muscles increases C Blood pressure drops D More blood flows to the digestive system
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.1.4
Which ONE of the following parts of the human brain acts as the body’s control centre for keeping its temperature steady?
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.1.7
The diagram below shows some structures of the human body that take part in homeostasis. Write down the LETTERS of the structures that work as endocrine glands only.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.5.1
The diagram below shows a section through human skin, with structures labelled P, Q, R and S. Give the LETTERS and NAMES of the two structures that help to regulate body temperature.
(4)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.5.2
Name the hormone that is released from the pituitary gland (the gland labelled P in the diagram below) to help the body control the water content of the blood when a person has lost a lot of water through sweating.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.5.3(a)
The diagram below shows a person with some organs and glands involved in keeping the body’s water balance steady. Gland P is the pituitary gland, which releases ADH when the blood becomes too concentrated. Name the organ labelled Q that responds to ADH by reabsorbing more water into the blood.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q1.5.3(b)
After a meal, the hormone insulin is released and the blood glucose level falls back to normal. Describe TWO ways in which insulin brings about this decrease in blood glucose.
(4)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.3.2
Look at the results in the table. Which group, P or Q, consists of the people with healthy blood glucose control? Write only the letter.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.3.3
A study looked at how insulin affects blood glucose. Two groups of eight adults each drank 75 g of glucose. Group P was healthy. Group Q had diabetes. Blood was sampled before the drink and again 60 and 120 minutes later. Using data from the table, explain why Group Q is the group with diabetes.
(3)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.3.4
The flow diagram below shows how the level of calcium in the blood is kept steady in the human body. Each rise or fall in the level triggers a hormone response that moves the level back towards its normal value. Name the type of control mechanism shown by the diagram.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.4.1(a)
The diagram below shows how the level of a hormone in the blood is kept steady by the pituitary gland and a gland in the neck. Name the gland labelled P in the diagram.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.4.1(b)
The diagram below shows how the level of thyroxin in the blood is kept steady. Gland Y in the neck makes thyroxin, and the pituitary gland sends a hormone (TSH) to gland Y. Name the disorder in which gland Y becomes enlarged because of a lack of iodine in the diet.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.4.1(c)
The thyroid gland releases a hormone called thyroxin into the blood. Give ONE function of thyroxin in the human body.
(1)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.4.2
The diagram below shows how the level of thyroxin in the blood of a healthy person is kept steady. A low thyroxin level at point X is detected by the body. Explain how the pituitary gland helps to bring thyroxin back to its normal level.
(4)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.4.3
A person has a thyroid gland that continuously secretes too little thyroxin. Explain why this may cause the person’s body mass to increase.
(2)Based on Nov 2024 · Paper 1 · Q3.4.4

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